The one challenge with flat roofing is ensuring proper drainage. Unlike other roofing types that are slanted or sloped to allow water to drain automatically, flat roofs need a built-in drainage system to help remove moisture and debris. Poor drainage can lead to serious issues with flat roofing, from leaks to structural damage. There are several drainage solutions available for flat roofing and it is important to consider the pros and cons of each system before making a decision. This guide explains the advantages and disadvantages of the three most common flat roof drainage solutions; interior drains, gutters, and scuppers.
WHY FLAT ROOF DRAINAGE IS IMPORTANT
Flat roofing does not drain naturally like sloped roofs that can rely on the force of gravity to remove water. If these roofing types are not fitted with a proper drainage solution, they will experience poor drainage which leads to the following issues:
- Pooling of water on the roof that can eventually lead to leaks or structural damage
- Accumulation of debris such as twigs and leaves
- Damage to the caulking and tar from debris buildup and pooled water
- Extra stress from ice in the winter
- Leaks near features of the roof such as the chimney or vent pipes
Leaving your flat roof without a drainage system will greatly increase the risk of these issues. Fitting the roof with one of the following systems to ensure proper drainage will help keep it protected.
INTERIOR DRAINS
Interior drains work just like the drain in your shower or sink. These drains are placed in areas of the roof that collect the most water, and they lead the water into a system of pipes that is installed below the roof. The water travels through these pipes until it is dispensed into a gutter or downspout at the side of the building.
This drainage system has the following benefits:
- The walls and foundation are protected from water damage.
- The pipe system is protected by the roof and walls of the building which reduces the risk of cracking or freezing.
- Interior drain systems are customizable and can improve the curb appeal of your home or building.
Before deciding on an interior drain system for your flat roof, you must consider the following disadvantages:
- Interior drains are the most expensive flat roof drainage system.
- While this system is less likely to sustain damage, any damage that does occur must be repaired by a professional roofing technician.
- The drains and pipes can easily become clogged with debris. You must install strainers on the drains to prevent debris blockage and routinely check the system for debris buildup.
GUTTERS
Gutters are the most commonly used, and most cost-effective drainage solution for flat roofs. They catch rainwater as it rolls off the edge of the roof and divert the water into a downspout that dispenses it a safe distance from the foundation of the building. This prevents the water from rolling off the roof uncontrolled and running down the side of the building which could damage the siding, windows, and foundation.
There are a couple of disadvantages to using gutters on flat roofs. Gutters need consistent cleaning throughout the year because they gather debris that can block the flow of the water. If this debris is not cleared out, the water will overflow and run down the side of the building. Gutters are also susceptible to damage from severe weather, ice, and heavy debris. It is important to weigh these disadvantages against the low cost of gutters before making a final decision.
SCUPPERS
Scuppers are the most effective drainage solution for flat roofs. With this system, large square openings are made along the edge of the roof that shoot the water away from the side of the building. Sometimes downspouts are installed directly below these openings to catch the water and drain it away from the building and foundation in a controlled manner.
Flat roof scuppers have the following benefits:
- Cost-effective
- Easy to maintain
- Large, wide scuppers rarely if ever get clogged by debris
- Well designed scuppers can enhance the aesthetics of the home or building
While scuppers are generally the best drainage solution for flat roofs, there are some disadvantages to take into account. Any downspouts that are installed below the scuppers for drainage are vulnerable to clogs and must be checked regularly for debris. Scuppers can also be ineffective for heavy rain and snowmelt, and they are less effective on the flat roofs with little to no pitch to guide the water to the edges. Scuppers must be cleverly designed for the best effect.